What navigational aids are most commonly used in aviation?

The correct answer highlights the navigational aids most commonly utilized in aviation: VOR, NDB, and GPS.

VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) is a radio navigation system that enables pilots to determine their position and stay on course by receiving signals from ground-based stations. It provides azimuth information and is a primary means of enroute navigation.

NDB (Non-Directional Beacon) is another radio navigation aid that operates in the LF/MF bands. It helps aircraft determine their bearing to the transmitter. Although not as widely used as VOR in contemporary aviation, it remains relevant, especially in certain areas and for specific approaches or operations.

GPS (Global Positioning System) has revolutionized aviation navigation by providing accurate positioning information through satellite signals. Its widespread adoption is due to its high precision, reliability, and the ability to integrate with other navigational systems and applications.

Together, these three aids represent a comprehensive set of tools commonly employed by pilots for enroute navigation and approach procedures, making this answer particularly relevant. Other options may include different combinations of navigational technologies, but the first option encapsulates the most widely used aids in modern aviation operations.