What is the function of flaps on an aircraft?

Flaps serve a crucial role in an aircraft's performance, specifically designed to enhance lift and increase drag during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing. By deploying flaps, a pilot can alter the shape of the wing, which allows the aircraft to generate greater lift at lower speeds. This is particularly advantageous during takeoff as it enables the aircraft to become airborne more easily. Additionally, during landing, flaps help to slow the aircraft down by introducing additional drag, which aids in reducing landing speeds and allowing for a safer approach and touchdown.

The effectiveness of flaps is most evident when an aircraft is operating at lower airspeeds, where they enable a steeper angle of descent without increasing speed excessively. Their deployment can allow for shorter takeoff and landing distances, critical for operations at airports with limited runway lengths. This functionality directly supports the safe management of the aircraft during the most vulnerable moments of flight.