What is one of the primary risks of flying in mountainous areas?

Flying in mountainous areas presents unique challenges, primarily due to increased potential for turbulence and downdrafts. The topography can severely affect air movement, leading to unexpected changes in wind direction and speed.

Mountains can disrupt the smooth flow of air, causing it to rise sharply when it encounters a peak, then descend rapidly on the leeward side. This phenomenon, often referred to as mountain waves, can lead to severe turbulence and downdrafts, posing significant risks to aircraft, especially during takeoff and landing maneuvers.

The other options may also present issues, such as limited visibility due to weather, which can impact navigation and safety, or higher fuel consumption, as flying in mountainous terrain may require more power and different flight paths. However, the immediate and severe nature of turbulence and downdrafts in mountainous regions stands out as a primary risk, necessitating careful planning and awareness from pilots operating in such environments.